In regards to the anime Bleach, a shikai is the first release of a zanpakuto, the sword used by shinigami. Each shikai has a special ability.
To release the shikai form of a zanpakuto, one must
call it's name (eg; "Scatter,
Senbonzakura", "Awaken, Benihime", "Dance, Sode no
Shirayuki"). This is no longer necessary when one has attained bankai, the second release.